sehari di Hari Raya: (Qurban)

pagi raya bersiap-siap untuk berhari raya dengan keluarga Haji Musa secara beramai-ramai.

mama masak lodeh..lontong mama memang superb!!

aku buat kek, ecah buat sandwich special~ yum!!

kami pilih putih dan oren sebagai tema Raya Haji ni.

dalam jam 8.30 pagi kami pun sampai ke rumah Nenek :) ada Auntie Ijan dan Farisha. Auntie Yati keluar beli ais di 7E..

Baba sibuk call adik beradik lain-lainya.

sementara menunggu, aku mkn :) mcm biasa la~ haha

dalam jam 9 ke 10 tu makin ramai yang memenuhi ruang di rumah Nenek tu..aku happy sebab berada dengan family..walaupun DJ dan Sob tak balik (sedih sikit) tp bila dah berkumpul ramai2 kecoh la dibuatnya!

ada beberapa gambar yang aku nak kongsikan untuk tatapan adinda yang jauh dimata tapi dekat di hati :)

 IzzaQil dan Kak Long Lisa :) tema ijau.. Angah kat belakang tu nganga ntah kenapa..hehe

inilah aksi sommersault oleh IzzaQil yg buat kitorang rasa nk cubit2 je dia..huhu~ kecian kak Lica..

Mira, mcm biasa tak kalah dalam berposing..padat nih, ada lagi kat luar rumah..haha..isap rokok~

Auntie Ani, Auntie Chikin dan Auntie Arn~dengan lauk pauk yang ada~

Ecah, Aminah dan Mama :)

Enter-frame? PERLU!!!! saya yang amik gamba~

sepupu kecik2 with Ecah~

kami abis di rumah Nenek dlm jam 12..kul 1 dah sampai umah n lepak2..solat plak..

then keluarga Atie datang. keluarga Auntie Chikin datang..n kawan Baba, Khairul n family..ada baby kecik.. :)

itu saja ~ hope u enjoy this :)

untuk gambar2 lainnya, sila layari fb..(belum post sebab opis hrs, fb kene block ;p hehehe)

A gem is not polished without rubbing, nor a man perfected without trials.

~Chinese proverb

:)~

tengok dalam air nampak bayang-bayang, campak satu batu.
bayang pun hilang :)

P. Ramlee (1956) {Tanya Sama Hati}

retreat Kelab Kilat

was away for a retreat on 13 and 14 Nov 2010.
ralat sebab tak dapat hadir jemputan Abg Jae, Kak Anje and Kak Ita :(
was also having the time of my life, coughing my brains out!! :(
hu~ what a weekend~
and then it's Monday!!!
arghhhhhh!

How to Treat Bronchitis :)

1. Take steps to reduce your exposure to toxins. Avoid smoking and breathing in secondhand smoke, stay indoors as much as possible during periods of high air pollution, and wear the appropriate face mask and protection if you work with chemicals or other irritants.


2. Use a humidifier or vaporizer to add moisture to the air. This will help loosen secretions and help you breathe easier.

3. Place a hot-water bottle or a warm, moist cloth on your chest and back. This will reduce inflammation and is particularly useful at night, when you want to sleep.

4. Cover your nose and mouth with a scarf if you must go out into cold air. The cold can further aggravate bronchitis.

5. Avoid using a cough suppressant, except at night. You need to cough in order to bring up secretions.

6. Take medications as directed. If you are taking antibiotics for a bacterial infection, take the entire dose, even if you start to feel better before it is completed.

7. Use aerosols and inhalers as directed. Do not use a larger dose than directed and do not use more frequently than directed. This can cause side effects.

8. Talk to a naturopathic doctor or general practitioner about dietary supplements such as goldenseal, echinacea, colloidal silver, zinc, coenzyme Q10, and vitamins A and C.

9. Improve your diet. Drink plenty of fluids, such as water, herbal teas and soups.

10. Eliminate or reduce your intake of mucus-forming foods such as dairy products, white flour, sweet fruits, sugar and some processed foods, and avoid substances that cause allergic reactions.

Read more: How to Treat Bronchitis | eHow.com http://www.ehow.com/how_7832_treat-bronchitis.html#ixzz1522bm7RE

11.11.2010

cuti sakit

Bronchitis

Bronchitis is inflammation of the mucous membranes of the bronchi, the airways that carry airflow from the trachea into the lungs. Bronchitis can be classified into two categories, acute and chronic, each of which has unique etiologies, pathologies, and therapies.

Acute bronchitis is characterized by the development of a cough, with or without the production of sputum, mucus that isexpectorated (coughed up) from therespiratory tract. Acute bronchitis often occurs during the course of an acute viral illness such as the common cold or influenza.Viruses cause about 90% of cases of acute bronchitis while bacteria account for less than 10%.^[1]

Chronic bronchitis, a type of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, is characterized by the presence of a productive cough that lasts for 3 months or more per year for at least 2 years. Chronic bronchitis most often develops due to recurrent injury to the airways caused by inhaled irritants. Cigarette smoking is the most common cause, followed by air pollution and occupational exposure to irritants, and cold air.

Acute bronchitis

Main article: Acute bronchitis

Acute bronchitis is most often caused by viruses that infect the epithelium of the bronchi, resulting in inflammation and increased secretion of mucus. Cough, a common symptom of acute bronchitis, develops in an attempt to expel the excess mucus from the lungs. Other common symptoms include sore throat, runny nose, nasal congestion (coryza), low-gradefever, pleurisy, malaise, and the production of sputum.^[1]

Acute bronchitis often develops during the course of an upper respiratory infection (URI) such as the common cold or influenza.^[1] About 90% of cases of acute bronchitis are caused by viruses, including rhinoviruses, adenoviruses, and influenza. Bacteria, includingMycoplasma pneumoniae, Chlamydia pneumoniae, and Bordetella pertussis, account for about 10% of cases.^[1]

Treatment for acute bronchitis is primarily symptomatic. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) may be used to treat fever and sore throat. Decongestants can be useful in patients with nasal congestion, and expectorants may be used to loosen mucus and increase expulsion of sputum. Cough suppressants may be used if the cough interferes with sleep or is bothersome, although coughing may be useful in expelling sputum from the airways. Even with no treatment, most cases of acute bronchitis resolve quickly.^[1]

Only about 5–10% of bronchitis cases are caused by a bacterial infection. Most cases of bronchitis are caused by a viral infection and are "self-limited"^{[clarification needed]} and resolve themselves in a few weeks.^[2] As most cases of acute bronchitis are caused by viruses,antibiotics should not be used since they are only effective against bacteria. Using antibiotics in patients who do not have bacterial infections promotes the development ofantibiotic-resistant bacteria, which may lead to greater morbidity and mortality. Antibiotics should only be prescribed if examination of Gram stained sputum shows large numbers of bacteria present.

Chronic bronchitis

Main article: Chronic bronchitis

Chronic bronchitis, a type of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, is defined by a productive cough that lasts for 3 months or more per year for at least 2 years.^[3] Other symptoms may include wheezing and shortness of breath, especially upon exertion. The cough is often worse soon after awakening, and the sputum produced may have a yellow or green color and may be streaked with blood.^[1]

Chronic bronchitis is caused by recurring injury or irritation to the respiratory epithelium of the bronchi, resulting in chronic inflammation, edema (swelling), and increased production of mucus by goblet cells.^[1] Airflow into and out of the lungs is partly blocked because of the swelling and extra mucus in the bronchi or due to reversible bronchospasm.^[4]

Most cases of chronic bronchitis are caused by smoking cigarettes or other forms of tobacco. Chronic inhalation of irritating fumes or dust from occupational exposure or air pollution may also be causative. About 5% of the population has chronic bronchitis, and it is two times more common in males than females.^[1]

Chronic bronchitis is treated symptomatically. Inflammation and edema of the respiratory epithelium may be reduced with inhaled corticosteroids. Wheezing and shortness of breath can be treated by reducing bronchospasm (reversible narrowing of smaller bronchi due to constriction of the smooth muscle) with bronchodilators such as inhaled β-Adrenergic agonists (e.g., albuterol) and inhaled anticholinergics (e.g., ipratropium bromide).Hypoxemia, too little oxygen in the blood, can be treated with supplemental oxygen.^[1]However, oxygen supplementation can result in decreased respiratory drive leading to increased blood levels of carbon dioxide and subsequent respiratory acidosis.

The most effective method of preventing chronic bronchitis and other forms of COPD is to avoid smoking cigarettes and other forms of tobacco.^[1]

On pulmonary tests, a bronchitic (bronchitis) may present a decreased FEV1 and FEV1/FVC. However, unlike the other common obstructive disorders, asthma and emphysema, bronchitis rarely causes a high residual volume. This is because the air flow obstruction found in bronchitis is due to increased resistance, which does not generally cause the airways to collapse prematurely and trap air in the lungs.^{[citation needed]}

[edit]Protracted bacterial bronchitis

Protracted bacterial bronchitis is defined as a cough of more than 8 weeks, with a positivebronchoalveolar lavage (BAL), that resolves with antibiotics.^[5] It is usually caused bystreptococcus pneumoniae, haemophilus influenzae, or moraxella catarrhalis.^[5]

appointment dengan Doktor

tadi aku ke Dispensari belakang rumah Mak Andek yang lama. dekat ILSAS.
sebelum itu aku call dulu tanya, ada doktor atau tidak.
katanya jam 10 sampai 12 ada doktor. jam yang lain ada pegawai perubatan yang tunggusedia (standby).

doktor tu ensem. aku tak pernah jumpa doktor ni lagi.
dia panggil nama aku. Siti Fatimah.
aku masuk.
"Assalamualaikum, doktor."
dia suruh aku duduk.
dia tanya, "kenapa?"
aku jawab, "batuk. selsema. sakit tekak".
dia kata, "ada demam tak?"
aku kata, "belum lagi"
dia tanya balik, "dah lama batuk?"
aku jawab, "dah dua minggu lebih. minggu lepas saya ada datang jumpa encik mohamad. dia bagi ubat ini dan antibiotik ini.pastu ni ubat isap"

dia amik kayu dan suruh aku bukak mulut.
"aaaa.."
ok, gelinya.
dia suluh-suluh dalam tekak aku.
dia buang kayu tu.
lepas tu dia cek breathing aku dengan stetoskop dia.
20 kali aku tarik nafas dan lepas.
lamanya~
lepas tu dia tulis-tulis sesuatu atas kertas.
dia kata, "kenapa la nama awak panjang sangat?
aku kata, "ohh, cucu sulung. jadi atuk, nenek, emak dan ayah bagi nama."
dia kata, "jadi semua orang ada bahagian masing-maasing. bagus, bagus. ok.saya bagi awak surat rujukan untuk ke KPJ, Kajang ya. kat sana ada pakar. saya nak awak x-ray lungs. sebab batuk dah lama. err, kat rumah ada orang merokok?"
aku kata, "takda. tapi encik mohamad kata minggu lepas sebab infections"
dia kata, "memang la infections. tapi dah lama sangat ni."

macam banyak je yang dia tulis-tulis kat kertas tuh.
aku tanya, "kenapa ek, Doktor?"
dia kata,"bronchitis, sebab tu saya nak awak di x-ray"
dia tulis-tulis lagi.
aku tanya, "emm, bahaya tak?"
dia stop tulis, pandang aku dan senyum.
dia kata, "tak. tak bahaya"
(hehe~ comelnya Doktor ni..)

aku tengok kat kertas yang di tulis-tulis tadi, Acute Bronchitis..

so, esok la aku pi KPJ..

*pada masa aku menaip ini, aku  batuk-batuk lagi...
  nk muntah :(

Berbuat Baik Dan Bersabar Di Atas Perilaku Manusia

Hadith :

Seorang lelaki bertanya:“ Wahai Rasulullah sesungguhnya aku mempunyai beberapa orang kerabat, yang hubungan aku erat dengan mereka tetapi mereka memutuskannya. Aku berbuat baik kepada mereka tetapi mereka berperangai buruk kepadaku, aku bersabar mengahadapi sikap mereka itu tetapi mereka menganggap sikapku itu adalah bodoh.” Kemudian baginda menjawab,” Sekiranya benar sepertimana yang engkau katakan itu maka seolah-olah engkau menyuap mereka dengan abu yang panas, sedangkan engkau sentiasa mendapat pertolongan daripada Allah Taala selama mana engkau berada di dalam kebenaran atas perkara yang demikian itu”.   Riwayat Muslim